why did jesus change levi to matthew

Jesus Christ and Saint Peter have entered the room, and Jesus is pointing at Matthew. [27] For instance, see Ulrich Krtner, Papias von Hierapolis: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des frhen Christentums, Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments 133 (Gttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 1983), 203206; Davies and Allison, Matthew IVII, 16; Black, Rhetorical Terminology, 3334, 38; France, Evangelist and Teacher, 57; Hagner, Matthew 113, xlv; Morris, Matthew, 1314; William R. Schoedel, Papias ANRW 2.27.1 (1993): 257, 263; Carson, Matthew, 13; Armin Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus im kleinasiatischen Gottesdienst. 29.7.4). Both books are addressed to the same persona man named Theophilus. Tax collectors were rich people. Chapter 16: The Chosen Twelve - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter This creates space between Peter and the church's rock. The fishermen who followed Jesus, and some became His Apostles, had to pay taxes on fishing licenses and perhaps on their daily catch. Another option is that Papias was referring to a lost source. Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. The tax collector had already counted the cost.Sandra Sweeny Silver, Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in Ancient Rome, The Exotic Animal Business in Ancient Rome. Change the way you think and act, and believe (trust in, rely on, and adhere to) this Good News. He followed Jesus to his death. For the debate over whether Mark 2:14 and 3:18 refer to the same individual or to two different individuals named Alphaeus, see Bauckham. Unlike the modern deductions about Matthews level of literacy, Papias did not presuppose Matthews facility in Greek. How come only five disciples of Jesus Christ wrote books in the New Testament? 3.2) that the Gospel according to the Hebrews was associated with Matthew. 29.9.4; 30.3.7; 30.13.2; 30.14.3) and Jerome (Epist. [28] Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 26364. [14] Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the two verses in Matthew 9:9 and 10:3 were the basis for why this Gospel was later ascribed to Matthew. T/F. Saint Matthew | History, Facts, Feast Day, & Death | Britannica The whole crowd came to him, and he taught them. Mark Book of Week - Part 1 | PDF | John The Baptist | Jesus Jesus Said, "Follow Me" - FaithGateway Store Early Christian CommunionWine or Mingled Wine? [1] For the range of theories accounting for the redactional changes in Matthew 9:9 and 10:3, see the helpful summaries compiled by Joachim Gnilka, Das Matthusevangelium, HTKNT (Freiburg: Herder, 1986), 1.330-31; W. D. Davies and Dale C. Allison, The Gospel According to Matthew: Matthew VIIIXVIII, ICC (London and New York: T&T Clark, 2006), 2.9899; cf. The Apostles: Impetuous Peter overcame mistakes to become leader [20] Matthew Black, The Use of Rhetorical Terminology in Papias on Matthew and Mark JSNT 37 (1989): 32; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 222. 6:25 (300s AD). Matthew Levi - TruthBook 30.1; Jerome, Matt. [13] The thesis that the first canonical Gospel was published under the name of a pseudonym is defended by George D. Kilpatrick, The Origins of the Gospel according to St. Matthew (Oxford: Clarendon, 1946), 13839. Matthew, who is also Levi, and who from a publican came to be an apostle, first of all composed a Gospel of Christ in Judaea in the Hebrew language and characters for the benefit of those of the circumcision who had believed. Religion is "a matter between every man and his maker, in which no other, & far less the public, [has] a . Caravaggio, Calling of Saint Matthew and Inspiration of St. Matthew According to Matthew 9:9 and Mark 2:14, Matthew was sitting by the customs house in Capernaum (near modern Almagor, Israel, on the Sea of Galilee) when Jesus called him into his company. Matthew belonged to a family of tax gatherers, or publicans, but was himself a customs collector in Capernaum, where he lived. Supported by: Why did Jesus change the name of only three of his apostles? | The Tradition notes his ministry in Judaea, after which he supposedly missioned to the East, suggesting Ethiopia and Persia. Krzinger and Gundry insist that, Krzinger enlists Irenaeus in support of his reading of Papias, despite the fact that Irenaeus used the article when affirming that Matthew wrote to the Hebrews in their, Hence, Krzinger identifies the each one (. 4.9). It is beyond the scope of this paper to determine why Matthew was substituted for Levi. Levi - Wikipedia Many people were surprised when Jesus sat down to eat with Levi, but they learned that Jesus' message of salvation is for everyone. ill. 2), but several of his quotations were lifted from previous Greek texts penned by figures such as Ignatius (cf. Tax collectors were hated by the Jews. Matthew (also known as Levi) doubtless was one of the tax collectors who responded to John the Baptist's call to repentance. News and Interpretations on the Bible and Ancient Near East History. [23] They render the verb hermeneuein as meaning to mediate or to interpret rather than to translate.[24] Hence, Krzinger identifies the each one (hekastos) who interpreted according to their ability as the evangelists conveying oral Jesus traditions in a new literary medium;[25] Gundry takes the referent to be the expositors who expounded on Matthews text. Jesus' interaction with Matthew, Zacchaeus and other tax collectors 58 Matthew seems to have written his Gospel primarily to the: Jews [37], The final option is that a non-extant Jewish Gospel stands behind Papiass reference to Matthews oracles or, at least, the New Testament Gospel that bears the name Matthew was mixed up with a Jewish Gospel circulating in Papiass milieu. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners. Mark 2:13-17. h.e. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. T/F, 4. The next disciple that Jesus called was Levi (Matthew). Biblical literature - The Gospel According to Matthew Perhaps they did so because Levis call narrative closely resembled the summons of the first four apostles to discipleship in Mark 1:1620 and Alpheus was already remembered as the father of one of the apostles in Mark 3:18. Based on Papiass title Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord and his summary of Marks account of the oracles of the Lord, Papiass usage of the term logion encompassed both teachings and short narrative episodes (cf. Jesus Chooses the Twelve Apostles (Lk 6:12-26) - UBF [44] Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 167; Klijn, Gospel Tradition, 67-68; Klauck, Apocryphal Gospels, 51; Jrg Frey, Die Fragmente des Ebioniterevangeliums, 612; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 39; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 183, 222. Even if this guy gets over the fact that I'm a tax collector, how could he ever be interested in me? Brian McNeil (London: T&T Clark, 2003), 40; Jennifer Wright Knust, Early Christian Re-writing and the History of the Pericope Adulterae, JECS 14 (2006): 495n34; Norelli, Papia, 33132, 335; MacDonald, Two Shipwrecked Gospels, 14, 1922, 24653; Jrg Frey, Die Fragmente des Hebrerevangeliums, in Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher bersetzung. 30.3.7; 30.13.214.4), was the Gospel according to the Hebrews, though Epiphanius derided it as the Ebionites mutilation of Matthews Gospel. Band: Evangelien und Verwandtes. [5] On the other hand, after scrutinizing the onomastic data compiled by Tal Ilan,[6] Richard Bauckham makes it clear why these examples may be irrelevant to this case: "[I]f Matthew and Levi were the same person, we should be confronted with the virtually unparalleled phenomenon of a Palestinian Jew bearing two common Semitic personal names (Matthew: ninth most popular, 62 occurrences; Levi: seventeenth most popular, 25 occurrences). Gundry, Matthew, xxii. The debate over the authorship of Matthews Gospel usually focuses on the replacement of Levi, the son of Alphaeus, with Matthew (Matt 9:9; contra Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27) and the addition of the descriptor the toll collector after Matthews name (Matt 10:3; contra Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13). Ancient and modern scholars have been perplexed by the fact that the name of the toll collector in Matthew 9:9 differs from its synoptic counterparts. Das Papiaszeugnis zur Entstehung des Matthusevangeliums ZNW 92 (2001): 257272; Nolland, Matthew, 3; Enrico Norelli, Papia di Hierapolis: Esposizione degli Oraculi del signore: I Frammenti (Milan: Figlie di San Paolo, 2005), 32829; David H. Sim, The Gospel of Matthew, John the Elder, and the Papias Tradition: A Response to R. H. Gundry HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 63.1 (2007): 290; Monte Shanks, Papias and the New Testament (Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2013), 196; Michael J. Kok, Did Papias of Hierapolis Use the Gospel according to the Hebrews as a Source? JECS 25.1 (2017): 32; Bauckham, Eyewitnesses, 223; Jeannine K. Brown and Kyle Roberts, Matthew (Two Horizons; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018), 1516. Jesus speaking or understanding Greek is the least controversial of the three. New Testament Survey Unit 2 Quiz 1 Study Guide Flashcards Matthew did follow Jesus for the rest of his life. According to Luke 5:29, the aforementioned dinner was given by Levi in his house after his call. I. Hence, Mark listened to Peters, That is, they surmise that Matthew applied Jewish exegetical techniques and forms of argumentation to the material at his disposal to shape it into a cogent presentation about how Jesus fulfilled the Scriptures. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Some Patristic interpreters guessed that the evangelists Mark and Luke called Matthew by his less popular name Levi out of deference for his apostolic status, while Matthew himself had the humility to confess that he was once employed in a disreputable profession under his better-known name (e.g., John Chrysostom, When Origen of Alexandria searched for a parallel for why Saul was surnamed Paul in the preface of his. [26], Krzingers and Gundrys proposals have varying degrees of persuasiveness, but most scholars have not been swayed by their contention that Papiass words on Matthew have been misread through the centuries. Follow me, Jesus told him, and Levi got up and followed him. Pelag. Hence Levi was the original name of the man who was subsequently called Matthew; the Maththaios legomenos of Matthew 9:9, would indicate this. http://www.brentcunningham.org/?p=316 For example, the Valentinian theologian Heracleon differentiated Levi from Matthew (cf. Maybe Jesus had seen Levi often as he sat in his chair with his table, papyrus, quill and ink made from carbon (soot or lampblack), water and gum arabic, a natural gum from the acacia tree used to control the inks viscosity when applied to the papyrus. Krzinger and Gundry insist that dialektos would be preceded by an article if a language was intended (cf. Christoph Markschies und Jens Schrter (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012), 6089; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 5253; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 181. After his conversion, Matthew ardently preached Jesus as Messiah to his Jewish community. However, Mark . Levi was happy to accept! Key Verse: 6:13, "When morning came, he called his disciples to him and chose twelve of them, whom he also designated apostles". In both instances, certain copyists of Marks Gospel were unaware of the conflation of Levi with Matthew in Matthew 9:9 and 10:3, yet still turned the character in Mark 2:14 into an apostle. Jesus believed that he had the same right to reassign a person's nameand therefore a person's life calling and destiny" (Cunningham). B. [5] Mounce, Matthew, 83; France, Evangelist and Teacher, 69, 69n.54; Morris, Matthew, 219; Robert H. Gundry, Matthew: A Commentary on his Handbook for a Mixed Church Under Persecution, 2nd ed. The First Disciples [Matthew 4:18-22, Luke 5:1-11, John 1:35-51] . For the range of theories accounting for the redactional changes in Matthew 9:9 and 10:3, see the helpful summaries compiled by Joachim Gnilka, Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late Antiquity: Part I: Palestine 330 BCE 200 CE. Jonah was in the belly of the whale 4 days. Meier, The Vision of Matthew, 24; Luz, Matthew 820, 32, 32n.14. Even Jesus acknowledges the hatred people had for tax collectors: " If they refuse to listen even to the church, treat them as you would a pagan or a tax collector" (Matthew 18:17). He left Judea and carried the Gospel to Ethiopia where he was martyred while celebrating a mass at the altar of a small church he had started. 40.9; Ezech. [4] See Manlio Simonetti, Matthew 113, ACCS New Testament 1a (Downers Grove: IVP, 2001), 177; Ulrich Luz, Matthew 820, trans. What Did Jesus Mean When He Said 'Eloi Eloi Lama Sabachthani'? Who Was Matthias in the Bible and Why Did He Replace Judas? Gundry takes the referent to be the expositors who expounded on Matthews text. The Bible shares in the book of Acts, that the betrayal and arrest of Jesus were foretold long ago by the Holy Spirit. ill. 3; Tract. This is very possible, as scholars point to Simon (Peter) and Saul. Because Matthews original purpose was to prove to his Jewish brethren that Jesus is their Mashiach/Messiah, he included in his Gospel nine proof texts from the Old Testament which Jesus fulfilledMatthew 1:22,23; 2:15; 2:17,18; 2:23; 4:14-16; 8:17; 12:17-21; 13:35; 27:9,10. The "Strange" Ending of the Gospel of Mark and Why It Makes All the Jesus came to give us the same choice he gave . Jesus' death by crucifixion was the worst death that anybody would have to endure. 184.9-10) and Eusebius regarded the text as disputed but not unorthodox (h.e. Facts about Matthew the Apostle give the readers a hint about Levi or Saint Matthew. Rather, he plainly states, So Matthew composed the oracles in the Hebrew language and each person interpreted them as best he could (in Eusebius, At first sight, this description seems like a poor match for the extant text entitled the. Band: Evangelien und Verwandtes. Ward Powers enthusiastically endorses this line of reasoning in the following bold claim: "To have this evidence about the apostle Matthew his background, training, and employment in the Roman administration; his response to the call to follow Jesus; his appointment to the role and responsibility of apostle and to believe that he wouldnotwrite down what Jesus was doing and teaching requires a far bigger leap of faith than believing that he did. Dan. Teilband 1, ed. C hristmas Day may be Dec. 25, but it's not the end of Christmas story. [38] There are a number of Patristic and Medieval quotations that purportedly derive from a text that was commonly dubbed as the Gospel according to the Hebrews. [46] Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 15465; Klijn, Jewish Christian Gospel Tradition, 29-30, 3132; Klauck, Apocryphal Gospels, 4351; Frey, Die Fragmente des Nazorerevangeliums, in Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher bersetzung. 135). 1.9.9). [2] B. [42] Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 21, 123; Frey, Die Fragmente des Ebionerevangeliums in Antike christliche Apokryphen in deutscher bersetzung. [37] See B. H. Streeter, The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins (London: MacMillan, 1924). However, Didymus the Blind spotted a similar story in certain Gospels in his Commentary on Ecclesiastes (223.613) and one of those Gospels could have been the Gospel according to the Hebrews that he cited elsewhere in his Commentary on the Psalms (184.910). Matthew, of course. As he walked along, he saw Levi son of Alphaeus sitting at the tax collectors booth. Both are true because Matthew and Levi are two names for the same person. 29-30) [16] At first sight, this description seems like a poor match for the extant text entitled the Gospel according to Matthew, for it does not look like a translation of an Aramaic precursor. Indeed, Levi is Israel's priestly tribe, as stated in the Bible: "The priests the Levites the priests the Levites the priests the Levites" (Deuteronomy 17:9, 17:18, 18:1). 1.31.124), see Joseph Barber Lightfoot, Essays on the Work Entitled Supernatural Religion: Reprinted from the Contemporary Review (London: Macmillan, 1893), 17077; Bacon, Studies in Matthew, 443-51; T. W. Manson, Studies in the Gospels and Epistles (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1962), 6975; Krzinger, Papias, 5051; France, Evangelist and Teacher, 58-60; Krtner, Papias, 15167; Gundry, Matthew, 617; Norelli, Papia, 5980; Gundry, Pre-Papian Tradition, 6467; Sim, R. A minority view during the Patristic period was that Levi and Matthew were separate individuals. Jesus Calls Matthew to Follow Him (Matthew 9:9-13; Mark 2:13-17; Luke 5 Richard Bauckham makes it clear why these examples may be irrelevant to this case: "[I]f Matthew and Levi were the same person, we should be confronted with the virtually unparalleled phenomenon of a Palestinian Jew bearing two common Semitic personal names (Matthew: ninth most popular, 62 occurrences; Levi: seventeenth most popular, 25 occurrences). The Bible says that Matthew left everything to follow Jesus. So it is more than probable that Matthew or someone else translated Matthews biography of Christ into Greek in order to spread the Good News beyond the Jews. All the names for our week days come from Roman and Norse/Anglo-Saxon gods. [48] Frey, Die Fragmente des Nazorerevangeliums, 626; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 50, 50n.35. VesuviusAugust 24, 79 AD. [29] Baum, Ein aramischer Urmatthus, 262. Acts 1:1-2 appears to tie the two books to the same author. Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27), but some commentators factor this verse in as evidence for the Matthean authorship of the first canonical Gospel or, at a minimum, for one of its major sources. Christian missionaries have taught people in Papua, New Guinea who had many gods before their conversion to recite the Hebrew Shema announcing only ONE GOD. 3.1.1). The fact of one man having two names is of frequent occurrence among the Jews. When Jesus said, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. (1) Repetition of names in the list after David, some of which appear to be anachronisms, possibly suggesting that this list had its own history. 1. Verse 15. How can Jesus Christ be a priest if He is of the non-priestly tribe of Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 15465; Klijn. Who translated it after that in Greek is not sufficiently ascertained. 13:4; 19:1; 53:1; 62:3; 2 Clem. Jesus Calls Levi (Matthew). When Jesus said He would be there, Levi was so excited he invited lots of his friends. 18) or Origen (cf. [15], The Original Language of Matthews Gospel, Unlike the modern deductions about Matthews level of literacy, Papias did not presuppose Matthews facility in Greek. If these are all references to the same James, that would make James son of Alphaeus the author of the Book of James and one of the three men Paul called "pillars" of the church. This is a depiction of a moment of spiritual awakening and conversion, which was something many Baroque artists were interested in painting, especially Caravaggio. Perhaps most plain is the calling of the disciple Matthew, also known as Levi the tax collector. The Gospel According to Matthew consequently emphasizes Christ's fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies (5:17) and his role as a new lawgiver whose divine mission was confirmed by repeated miracles. [1] Consequently, the evangelist wrote Matthew into the Markan story of the toll collector in Matthew 9:9. Jesus was becoming popular. Who was Zacchaeus? 5 Things To Know from His Bible Story - Crosswalk.com [32] The diversity of text-forms evident in Matthews biblical citations and allusions, however, disproves the notion that the evangelist was reliant on one testimonium source. Who Was James Son of Alphaeus? The Beginner's Guide [24] Krzinger, Papias, 1516; Gundry, Matthew, 619; idem, Pre-Papian Tradition, 6162, 67. Jesus casually says to Levi the tax collector,follow me and Levi got up and followed him. Just like that. Therefore, commentators often appeal to Matthew 9:9 and 10:3 as evidence that the Apostle Matthew was capable of composing either the Greek text of the first canonical Gospel or one of the literary sources incorporated into it. Mich. 7.6; Is. Levi (Matthew) the Tax Collector - Early Church History, Life In [32] Harris J. Rendel, The Logia and the Gospels Contemporary Review 72 (1897): 341348; F. C. Grant, The Gospels: Their Origins and Growth (New York: Harper, 1957), 65, 144. Because of that, Levi later threw a party at his house and invited his sinner friends to meet Jesus. His presence is here, worship with us at Summer Ramp now - facebook.com Jesus went out again by the sea. The other Eleven were ordinary men. 1. The answer is very simple. Outside the New Testament, a statement of importance about him is the passage from the Apostolic Father Papias of Hierapolis preserved by Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea: So then Matthew composed the Oracles in the Hebrew language, and each one interpreted them as he could. The Gospel According to Matthew was certainly written for a Jewish-Christian church in a strongly Jewish environment, but that this Matthew is definitely the Synoptic author is seriously doubted. "John, James, Andrew and Peter were the disciples closest to Jesus," Traylor says. Mark 3:18). This makes it doubtful that Matthew 9:9 was intended as either the evangelists self-reference or as a pseudonymous literary device supplementing the ascription of this Gospel to Matthew. What Language Did Jesus Speak? - Gateway Center for Israel However, Jesus Christ is of the tribe of Judah. [18] Josef Krzinger and Robert Gundry have tried to line up Papiass testimony with the academic consensus. [3] Powers, Progressive Publication, 29 (emphasis original). Who Wrote the Gospels, and How Do We Know for Sure? - Zondervan Academic Follow me, he told him, and Matthew got up and followed him. 2.12.87; Didymus, Comm. Matthew authored the first Gospel of the . How Jesus became white and why it's time to cancel that Jefferson himself believed that a person's religion was between them and their god. Matthew, the Apostle of Yahshua (Popularly known as Jesus Christ) is best known as the publican or tax collector. 2:1-10; Acts 8:9-24). Epiphanius and Jerome later confused the traditional account of the authorship of Matthews Gospel with the origins of the Gospel according to the Hebrews. Meet the Apostle Nathanael, a 'True Israelite' - Learn Religions For criticism of their theory, see France, Matthew, 70. Calling of Matthew - Wikipedia

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